Hemiplegia is a condition in which half of a body is paralyzed. Hemiplegia is more severe than hemiparesis, wherein one half of the body is weakened but not paralysed. Hemiplegia may be congenital or acquired from an illness or stroke.
cerebrovascular accident or stroke, spinal cord injury, Brown-Sιquard syndrome, traumatic brain injury.
Vascular: cerebral hemorrhage, stroke, diabetic neuropathy
Infective: encephalitis, meningitis, brain abscess
Neoplastic: glioma-meningioma
Demyelination: disseminated sclerosis, lesions to the internal capsule
Traumatic: cerebral lacerations, subdural hematoma rare cause of hemiplegia is due to local anaesthetic injections given intra-arterially rapidly, instead of given in a nerve branch.
Congenital: cerebral palsy
Disseminated: multiple sclerosis
Psychological: parasomnia (nocturnal hemiplegia)
• Difficulty speaking and/or or understanding words, which is known as aphasia
Difficulty swallowing
Difficulty walking
Problems with balance, known as ataxia
Difficulty using arms to dress, feed self, or perform other tasks
Visual impairments, including blurred vision
Urinary incontinence, the inability to control urination, or bowel incontinence, the inability to hold stool
decreased sensation, numbness, or tingling on affected side of the body
Memory loss
Difficulty dealing with frustrations
1. Range of motion exercises
2. muscle stretching
3. muscle strengthening
4. Balancing exercises
5. positioning
6. cold application
7. neutral warmth
8. passive movements
9. weight bearing exercises
10. Functional electrical stimulation
11 .PNF techniques
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